Morissandan Keita, Moscow State University of Management

This article deals with the characteristics of the management of transformation processes aimed at digitizing all spheres of economic activity, justifies the importance of digitization as a tool for solving many socio-economic problems, for bringing small and medium-sized enterprises to a new level. In conclusion, some of the disadvantages of digitization and the threats it entails are described. When planning strategic national programs for digital transformation, it is necessary to consider these threats so that the economy of the country is managed effectively.

In terms of public administration, commercial markets, production and services, the digital economy is a model of economic management (information carrier for project management), planning and network management technology using at maximum IT, which today brings a change in professional and industrial relations, displays the daily life of people, the economic system, education or health care on a new level.

At this time, in the period of innovative competition and modernization, another significant step forward is the development of neuroscience. The current phase of the formation of a new society by man is characterized by the fact that equipment and technologies interacting with the elements of nature and society transform the state of society and the biosphere.

Today, the world is not only dominated by technology, but also traditional forms of life are changing: these are robotics, artificial intelligence, interactive systems, digital virtual work environment , consumer access by telephone, Internet, etc. The technosphere changes both itself and a person.

Globalization has transformed society into a global space of economic, cultural and social exchange, and the use of technology is part of a broader, reticular and diverse social activity [3]. Information and communication technologies (ICT) promote, enable or facilitate interpersonal communication, rethink social spaces around plurality and ease of communication.

With this approach to changes in the organizations and behaviors of society and considering the issues discussed, it is necessary to develop new forms of work organization that contribute to the implementation of mediated and adaptive interpersonal relationships based on a joint work with ICT. Researchers in the field are working on specific tools, such as collaboration software, designed to facilitate collaboration more specifically. But computer forms of work are information systems designed for "electronic" work. Developers and researchers are looking for possible changes in the way we work and build interpersonal relationships through the use of new technologies.

Particularly relevant is the problem of inequality in the digital development of regions in different countries, which consists of a strong disparity in the levels of ICT development in different cities and regions of a country. The digital divide generated by the existing economic and social divide between the capital and the regions also offers opportunities to overcome it due to the rapid and relatively inexpensive scaling inherent in digital solutions and services [1]. According to Forbes, at the end of 2017, Russia entered the top five in terms of the number of smartphone app downloads. The most requested applications are WhatsApp, VK (Vkontakte), Viber, Sberbank Online, Yula, Instagram, AliExpress, Avito, Yandex Browser and OK.ru (Odnoklassniki), financial applications, mobile shopping applications, travel search , Taxi,

In the studies presented at the international scientific and practical conference "Neuro project management" in March 2020, the operational capabilities and basic models used in the information field of project management with new digitization systems were presented . They are represented in the following strategic areas:

1) digitization of the vertical and horizontal value chain of production automation and supply chain management [2]. This process is called smart manufacturing. To manufacture themselves, machines are programmed and automated with technical software replacing people (labor).

2) digitization of goods and services [2]. These are smart products/services.

3) digital business model [2]: contracts and offers of economic activity interact in the virtual market between virtual actors.

4) smart cities, which combine three interdependent aspects: smart management, smart technical concepts, digital technologies. A smart city faces the task of thoughtfully combining the resources at its disposal to achieve its goals, solving the tasks it faces as soon as possible, using digital technologies and the professional level of employees [5] .

Business demand for digital technologies is high at all stages of value creation – from design, production to marketing and service. The system of production, sale and service of today's goods and services is essential for establishing relationships in the markets of various sectors and in a highly competitive environment:

– large companies do not hide their interest in the digital transformation of companies to modernize their systems;

– digital technologies allow the company to ensure the continuity of the chain from production to after-sales service;

– digitization allows you to minimize resource costs;

– an increase in labor productivity is achieved in accordance with changes in the enterprise;

– digital technologies attract consumers. It is a model for better future-oriented customer interactions, building an efficient value chain with suppliers, partners and customers to decouple the digital ecosystem, etc.

Today, project management methods play a decisive role in the implementation of strategic economic plans for the creation of innovative digital products not only by companies, but also by governments for the implementation of their development programs. socio-economic development, involving a high level of organization, a systematic approach, careful planning and competent management. [3]. They are an integral part of all transformations and contain the fundamental principles of effective management of transformation processes [3].

The digital business revolution is reflected in industry concepts aimed at automating individual production and digital business processes.

Here are the advantages of the digitalization of the economy from the point of view of humanity and ecology:

– By creating a virtual space of easy and fast access, the advantage of the digital economy is that the returns of an invested digital product can be measured easily and objectively on the market (cybermarket), contrary to traditional practice, where returns are measured by turnover. To do this, marketers have tools such as one-time visits, repeat visits, ad click-through rates, geographic positions, and reviews.

– the advantage of the digital economy is also that it has no physical and geographical borders. A Guinean who is interested in a product offered by a French, Russian or German website does not need to travel in space. It can perform all necessary operations in the virtual space in Guinea.

– reduces the movement of workers from settlements to cities, allowing them to work remotely (the so-called telecommuting). As a result, the incidence of poverty in remote areas is decreasing.

– the relationship between government and commercial services contributes to the timely provision of services and control of information on the activities of the population.

– small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to solve cost management problems, are actively working in cloud services, which provide access to various intelligent systems, mobile applications and services.

However, digitization processes present problems and threats:

– the dynamic process of digitization may face certain restrictions, cause significant economic and structural imbalances in the real sector of the economy and further stratify society.

– the digital economy has the property of “exclusivity”. For example, a small business that does not have significant financial resources cannot switch to this tool and purchase the recommended software. Therefore, it becomes difficult to attract potential customers. The risk of losing the company due to unfair competition, large initial investments and the monopoly of certain players is not excluded.

– in a society less adapted to the new digital and technological revolution, as in most countries in the East and the South, the use and effective operation of digital products and services will be slowed down, will affect the loss of the customer due to of his ignorance, his numerical incompetence and will take a lot of time to train the employees of the company.

– it is necessary to assess the issues related to society, business and the management of the digital transformation process, in order to determine the conditions for the sustainable development of society in the digital economy.

– the growing problem of “cybersecurity”: hacking and the high cost of software security systems

– rising unemployment due to the fact that machines and software replace the hands of workers.

– the lack of contact between the seller and the buyer due to their isolation, which does not allow to fully appreciate the customer's needs, wishes and comments.

– the social problem of the lack of team and the internal system of the organization, which can lead to problems of cooperation (interaction with external stakeholders and customers) and a low level of quality of work if digital tools are poorly mastered , and people are working remotely.

The international competitiveness of any country is essential to the prosperity of its people. If the economy is competitive and companies can sell their products both domestically and abroad, this creates jobs and generates income for employees. By increasing its competitiveness, a country can produce more goods and services and thus increase its GDP – and its GDP per capita. Global prosperity is redistributed: successful digital transformation increases human well-being. In countries that do not, GDP per capita declines.

Thus, the digital transformation of its own economy becomes a necessary condition to ensure and increase the well-being of the country.

By Morissandan Keita,

State University of Management, Moscow

Scientific Advisor: Candidate in Economics, Associate Professor, EA Halimon,

State University of Management, Moscow

Bibliographic list

1) Malyshkin NG, Halimon EA Analysis of the level of development of the digital economy in Russia // Vestnik GUU. 2018. No. 8. P. 79–86.

2) Morissanda K. Digitalization of project management: perspectives and hidden threats //Neuro project management: material collection / counting. authors. – Moscow: RUSAYNS, 2020 S.118-120.

3) Halimon EA, Nikitin SA Priority national projects as a tool for solving complex economic problems // Vestnik RGGU. Series: Economy. Control. Law. 2020. No. 2. S. 18-37.

4) Bourguignon A., Jenkins A. (2004). Changing management control tools? From instrumental coherence to psychological coherence // Finance Control and Strategy – Volume 7, N° 3, September 2004, p. 31 – 61.

5) Khalimon EA, Vykhodtseva EA, Obradović V. Smart Cities of Today and Tomorrow – Global Experience / Institute of Science Communication Conference ISC 2020: “Smart Technologies” for Society, State and the economy. Pp 1340-1347.