NewsController :: show
Request
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Request Attributes
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| _controller | "App\Controller\Site\NewsController::show" |
| _firewall_context | "security.firewall.map.context.main" |
| _route | "site_news_show" |
| _route_params | [ "id" => "3387" ] |
| _security_firewall_run | "_security_main" |
| _stopwatch_token | "dece4a" |
| id | "3387" |
| news | App\Entity\News {#1000 -id: 3387 -type: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#936 …} -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1062 …} -titre: "Géants du numérique: la fin du laisser-faire" -description: """ <p>[Un élément multimedia s'affiche ici, dans ce même article en ligne sur Mediapart.fr.]Pour la première fois, les géants du numérique font face à la résistance des États. Grands bénéficiaires de la pandémie, leur puissance commence à inquiéter. Chine, États-Unis, Europe veulent s’appuyer sur les lois antitrust, longtemps délaissées, pour reprendre le contrôle. Mais est-ce suffisant ?</p>\r\n \r\n <p>L’époque du laisser-faire absolu est révolue pour les géants du numérique. Après avoir été encensés pendant des années et avoir bénéficié d’une totale liberté, ils commencent à rencontrer une résistance des États bien plus forte qu’ils ne l’avaient prévu.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Les quatre PDG des Gafa – Sundar Pichai (Google et Alphabet), Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook) et Tim Cook (Apple) – ont sans doute pris la mesure de ce changement lors de leur audition devant la commission d’enquête parlementaire le 29 juillet 2020, à laquelle ils participaient par vidéoconférence pour cause de Covid-19. Ils étaient jusque-là des héros auxquels on passait tout : l’évasion fiscale, l’écrasement des concurrents, la mise à sac des droits sociaux, la captation de la valeur grâce à leur position monopolistique. La capitalisation boursière de leur groupe, qui dépasse désormais le PIB de nombre de pays et assure le triomphe des indices boursiers américains, semblait les protéger de tout. Leur fortune était la rançon de leur réussite et semblait les rendre intouchables.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>[Un élément multimedia s'affiche ici, dans ce même article en ligne sur Mediapart.fr.]</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Face aux questions des parlementaires, ils ont compris ce jour-là qu’ils étaient en train de devenir les nouveaux « Robber Barons », ces milliardaires qui avaient constitué des monopoles à partir des compagnies de chemin de fer à la fin du XIXe siècle, monopoles que le pouvoir américain avait cassés sans ménagement, inquiet de leur puissance.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Puissants, trop puissants ? C’est l’analyse que semblent partager des élus américains, l’Union européenne et désormais le président chinois Xi Jinping. Tous commencent à s’inquiéter du pouvoir qu’est en train d’acquérir le capitalisme numérique transnational, symbolisé par quelques géants. Un pouvoir économique qui risque de se transformer en pouvoir politique incontrôlable, à un moment ou à un autre, si aucune mesure n’est prise, selon certains responsables politiques et économiques.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Derrière l’image des start-ups abritées dans des garages, ces groupes ont constitué en moins de deux décennies des empires de plus en plus gigantesques à travers leurs plateformes numériques. Avec la pandémie, ils sont devenus les maîtres de l’économie. Maîtrisant de longue date l’e-commerce, le télétravail, les technologies de l’information, ils ont offert des solutions toutes trouvées dans cette crise sanitaire qui a imposé la distanciation sociale. Leur succès a été sans limites. Médecine, éducation à distance et même services bancaires… : ils se sentent en position d’avoir réponse à tout, de défier les usages et les règles existantes.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>[Un élément multimedia s'affiche ici, dans ce même article en ligne sur Mediapart.fr.]C’est cette incursion dans le monde de la finance, de la création monétaire et des pouvoirs qu’elle confère qui, semble-t-il, a poussé le gouvernement chinois à frapper très fort le géant chinois Alibaba. Se sentant tout-puissant, le fondateur du groupe, le milliardaire Jack Ma, a osé critiquer en octobre le Parti communiste chinois. Quelques semaines plus tard, il devait être à l’abri de tout ; sa principale filiale, Ant Group, spécialisée dans les paiements en ligne, devait être introduite en bourse. Cela devait être la plus importante introduction en bourse dans le monde, 30 milliards de dollars, pronostiquait déjà la presse financière.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Sur ordre de Xi Jinping en personne, selon le Wall Street Journal, les autorités ont interdit l’opération début novembre. Le 27 décembre, la Banque centrale de Chine a précisé ses griefs contre la société. Devenue la plateforme privilégiée des Chinois pour le paiement numérique – par le biais des smartphones –, Ant Group a poursuivi son expansion en commençant à proposer des crédits à ses clients, mais en s’exonérant de toutes les règles prudentielles : à elle les commissions et les marges. Les risques des crédits, eux, ont été transférés dans les bilans des banques traditionnelles.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Ant Group a déjà promis de se soumettre à toutes les décisions des régulateurs chinois et de s’en tenir désormais à ses activités traditionnelles : le paiement en ligne. L’entité est appelée à passer sous strict contrôle des autorités de régulation chinoises et pourrait même échapper totalement au groupe.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Mais le gouvernement a bien l’intention d’aller plus loin et de reprendre le contrôle d’Alibaba et de ses homologues, qui jusqu’alors avaient bénéficié d’une totale liberté. Le 24 décembre, les autorités de la concurrence ont ouvert une enquête contre Alibaba pour pratiques monopolistiques. Elles reprochent à la plateforme d’e-commerce d’imposer une exclusivité pour tous les produits vendus. Jack Ma, lui, est devenu un paria du régime chinois. Alors qu’il multipliait les déclarations dans la presse internationale, depuis octobre, il se tait et se terre.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Sans aller jusqu’aux méthodes de coercition chinoises, les États-Unis et les pays européens ne diffèrent guère dans les moyens de riposte pour contenir la puissance grandissante des géants du numérique : les uns comme les autres envisagent de réactiver les lois antitrust.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Alors qu’une commission d’enquête de la Chambre des représentants aux États-Unis a conclu à la nécessité de casser les monopoles des Gafam (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft), le Département de la justice a ouvert une enquête fin octobre contre Google, soupçonné d’abus de position dominante. Le 9 décembre, c’est au tour de Facebook, qui lui aussi a affiché son intention de s’aventurer dans le monde monétaire avec la création de la cryptomonnaie Diem (ex-Libra) à partir de janvier 2021, d’être poursuivi pour pratiques anticoncurrentielles par la Commission de la concurrence américaine (FTC) et une coalition de 48 États et territoires américains. La menace d’un démantèlement plane sur le groupe. Le 16 décembre, des poursuites ont été engagées par le Texas et neuf autres États américains contre Google, à nouveau pour pratiques anticoncurrentielles sur le marché de la publicité.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>De son côté, la Commission européenne a dévoilé le 15 décembre le projet de deux directives pour « en finir avec le Far West » dans le numérique, selon les termes de Thierry Breton, commissaire européen chargé du marché intérieur. La première, le Digital Services Act (DSA), vise à imposer une régulation des contenus sur les réseaux sociaux, avec des pouvoirs d’intervention dans chaque État membre. La seconde directive, le Digital Markets Act (DMA), elle, entend empêcher les acteurs dits « systémiques » de menacer le libre jeu de la concurrence, c’est-à-dire d’être incontournables au point d’empêcher d’autres entreprises d’émerger.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Cette volonté affichée un peu partout dans le monde de se réapproprier les lois antitrust marque un vrai tournant. Sous l’influence de l’école de Chicago, les lois anticoncurrentielles ont pendant ces 30 dernières années été réduites à la portion congrue : le marché, par nature infaillible, était censé apporter les remèdes à ses propres déséquilibres. À moins qu’il ne soit prouvé que certaines situations nuisent aux consommateurs, il n’y avait pas matière à intervenir.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>C’est à partir de ce seul critère que les autorités de la concurrence en Europe et aux États-Unis ont décidé d’intervenir et éventuellement de sanctionner. C’est à l’abri de ce critère que les géants du numérique ont prospéré. Mis en cause devant différentes juridictions, ceux-ci ne manquent pas d’arguments pour défendre leur position, en s’appuyant sur la seule défense des consommateurs. À les entendre, ils ne portent aucun préjudice aux consommateurs, au contraire. Tous font valoir qu’ils ont développé des technologies numériques de plus en plus performantes, mises au service des consommateurs gratuitement. Au moins en apparence.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>La réhabilitation des lois antitrust</p>\r\n \r\n <p>La réalité est venue mettre à mal cette approche. Même les plus orthodoxes des économistes sont obligés de convenir que la théorie de la concurrence, telle que défendue par les néolibéraux, se révèle inadaptée face aux modèles et aux méthodes des géants du numérique, en rupture avec toutes les règles conventionnelles de l’économie. « Le problème pour les régulateurs est que les cadres usuels anti-monopolistiques ne s’appliquent pas dans un monde où les coûts pour les consommateurs (souvent sous forme de données et confidentialité) sont totalement opaques. Mais c’est une pauvre excuse pour ne pas remettre en cause des opérations manifestement anti-concurrentielles, telles que le rachat d’Instagram (avec son réseau social en croissance rapide) par Facebook, et celui de Waze, qui a développé des cartes et des systèmes de géolocalisation, par son concurrent Google », écrivait dès 2018 le très traditionnel économiste Kenneth Rogoff. Pour lui, il y a urgence à remettre en vigueur les lois antitrust car les Big Tech sont devenus un problème pour l’économie américaine.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>En effet, loin de permettre une augmentation de la productivité, comme le supposent les théories économiques classiques, les innovations technologiques de ces dernières années se traduisent au contraire par une réduction des salaires, une dégradation de l’emploi et des droits sociaux, une montée des inégalités. Dominant tout l’univers du numérique, rachetant tous les concurrents qui pourraient leur faire de l’ombre, les géants du numérique ont organisé un modèle qui leur permet de leur assurer une captation de la valeur à leur seul profit et de leur constituer une rente mondiale à des niveaux sans précédent historique, aboutissant à la création d’un techno-féodalisme, comme le désigne l’économiste Cédric Durand.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Les grandes références de l’application des lois contre les abus de position dominante, débouchant sur le démantèlement de l’empire sidérurgique américain d’Andrew Carnegie ou la mise en pièces de la Standard Oil des Rockefeller, affleurent dans tous les textes. Mais la remise en vigueur des lois antitrust appliquées dans le passé est-elle suffisante pour contrer la puissance des Big Tech et redonner un contrôle démocratique sur le développement de l’économie numérique ?</p>\r\n \r\n <p>[Un élément multimedia s'affiche ici, dans ce même article en ligne sur Mediapart.fr.]</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Ces dernières années, la Commission européenne a sanctionné à plusieurs reprises les géants du numérique, sans que ces sanctions aient semblé avoir le moindre effet sur leurs pratiques. L’évasion fiscale, le non-respect des droits sociaux, les abus de position dominante restent au centre de leur modèle (lire ici, ici ou encore là). Elle a aussi tenté un début de régulation, ce que les autorités américaines se sont jusque-là refusées à faire, en imposant un règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD). Cette réglementation a servi de référence un peu partout dans le monde. Mais là encore, les effets en paraissent limités.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Dans le cadre de son projet de directive, la Commission européenne envisage d’aller plus loin et d’imposer, si nécessaire, le démantèlement d’un groupe, si sa position est jugée monopolistique sur le marché européen. Cette proposition, si jamais elle voit le jour (il faudra au moins deux ans de négociations pour aboutir à un texte qui fasse consensus), est jugée au mieux comme relevant de la dissuasion nucléaire – c’est-à-dire une menace censée de devoir jamais être mise en œuvre –, au pire comme une annonce démagogique de com’, selon les observateurs. Pour les uns comme pour les autres, jamais la Commission européenne ne pourra imposer le démantèlement d’un groupe américain. Car c’est aussi une des données du problème : l’Europe, par son aveuglement idéologique interdisant tout soutien public direct ou indirect, a été incapable en 20 ans de créer le moindre champion du numérique, et a plutôt contribué à étouffer tous les potentiels existants.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Mais l’idée d’un démantèlement de certains géants du numérique, qui semblait impossible jusqu’alors, fait aussi son chemin aux États-Unis. Dans sa plainte contre Facebook, la Commission de la concurrence américaine (FTC) y fait explicitement référence. Le groupe de réseau social, devenu objet d’hostilité à la fois des républicains et des démocrates pour la diffusion de fake news et de propos extrémistes sur ses plateformes, pourrait être contraint de se séparer d’Instagram. Des projets analogues cheminent pour contrer la puissance de Google ou d’Amazon.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Jusqu’alors, les géants du numérique ont toujours réussi à contrer toutes les attaques en opposant un argument de poids : contraindre leur développement, voire leur imposer un démantèlement, reviendrait à laisser le champ libre aux géants technologiques chinois, qui eux ne souffrent d’aucune entrave. La mise sous contrôle d’Alibaba par le gouvernement de Pékin les prive désormais de cet argument.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Décidés à se battre pied à pied, à mobiliser des centaines de millions de dollars pour préserver leur rente, les Gafam travaillent déjà à d’autres moyens de défense. L’idée de soumettre ces géants à une régulation comparable à celle imposée au monde bancaire et financier commence à émerger. Ses défenseurs font valoir que les moyens de sanction, se chiffrant en milliards de dollars, sont des armes suffisamment puissantes pour obliger tout le monde à rentrer dans le rang. La perspective de pouvoir puiser dans des trésors de guerre estimés à 350 milliards de dollars pour renflouer les caisses de l’État américain a de quoi convaincre nombre d’élus.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Le précédent de la crise financière de 2008 appelle cependant quelques réserves. On sait ce qu’il est advenu de la régulation bancaire. Wall Street a capturé ses régulateurs et fait sa loi jusqu’au conseil de la FED. Comment imaginer qu’il puisse en aller autrement avec les géants du numérique ?</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Pour reprendre le contrôle de l’économie numérique, il faut aller plus loin que les simples lois antitrust existantes, partiellement inefficaces face aux géants du numérique, et s’attaquer au cœur de leur modèle : la marchandisation des données privées. Depuis l’origine, ceux-ci prospèrent grâce à la collecte – gratuite et souvent à l’insu des consommateurs – des empreintes laissées partout par des internautes et qui sont exploitées et/ou revendues par la suite par les plateformes.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Les États ne semblent pas avoir perçu la valeur de ce capital immatériel, à commencer par le gouvernement français. Il a fallu un rappel à l’ordre de la Cnil pour contraindre l’État à remettre en cause le contrat signé avec Microsoft sur les données de santé de tous les Français. Et dernièrement, c’est à Amazon que la Banque publique d’investissement (BPI) a confié le recueil des données de tous les bénéficiaires d’un prêt garanti par l’État.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Les économistes Glen Weyl et Eric Posner, par ailleurs très libéraux, proposent dans leur livre Radical Markets de renverser le modèle : au lieu d’en bénéficier gratuitement, les Gafam devraient payer pour pouvoir utiliser les données recueillies auprès de tous les particuliers.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Pour certains économistes, ces mesures, aussi spectaculaires soient-elles, ne permettent pas de reprendre en main le contrôle démocratique du numérique ; ce ne sont pas tant les données mais les technologies qui permettent de les exploiter qu'il convient de se réapproprier publiquement. Car même surveillés, régulés, ces géants du numérique continuent par leurs choix technologiques, les développements qu’ils conduisent, à imposer leur vision de l’avenir. Une technologie, font-ils valoir, peut produire le pire ou le meilleur : être l’instrument d’une liberté ou celui d’une société de surveillance de plus en plus étroite des populations. Ces orientations ne peuvent être laissées à la libre décision d’une poignée de monopoles mondiaux, argumentent-ils.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Mais ce contrôle démocratique suppose que les États ne laissent plus les géants du numérique disposer par eux-mêmes des technologies à développer et de leur mise en œuvre, qu’ils acquièrent une expertise afin de pourvoir en discuter et en surveiller les choix. Mais en ont-ils vraiment envie ? </p>\r\n \r\n <p> </p> """ -source: "Mediapart" -date: DateTime @1609545600 {#1004 : 2021-01-02 00:00:00.0 UTC (+00:00) } -heure: null -image: null -created_at: DateTime @1609786276 {#1003 : 2021-01-04 18:51:16.0 UTC (+00:00) } -updated_at: null -status: true -premium: false -titreimage: null -commentaires: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1018 …} -notify_at: DateTime @1609786570 {#1002 : 2021-01-04 18:56:10.0 UTC (+00:00) } -bookmarks: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1213 …} -titre_en: "Digital giants: the end of laissez-faire" -description_en: "<p>[A multimedia element is displayed here, in this same article online on Mediapart.fr.] For the first time, the digital giants are facing resistance from the States. Great beneficiaries of the pandemic, their power is beginning to worry. China, the United States, Europe want to rely on antitrust laws, long neglected, to regain control. But is it enough?</p><p> The era of absolute laissez-faire is over for the digital giants. After years of acclaim and complete freedom, they are beginning to encounter much stronger resistance from states than they had anticipated.</p><p> The four CEOs of Gafa – Sundar Pichai (Google and Alphabet), Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook) and Tim Cook (Apple) – undoubtedly took the measure of this change during their hearing before the commission of parliamentary inquiry on July 29, 2020, in which they participated by videoconference because of Covid-19. Until then, they were heroes to whom everything was passed: tax evasion, the crushing of competitors, the sacking of social rights, the capture of value thanks to their monopolistic position. The market capitalization of their group, which now exceeds the GDP of many countries and ensures the triumph of the American stock market indices, seemed to protect them from everything. Their fortune was the ransom of their success and seemed to make them untouchable.</p><p> [A multimedia element is displayed here, in this same article online on Mediapart.fr.]</p><p> Faced with questions from parliamentarians, they understood that day that they were in the process of becoming the new "Robber Barons", these billionaires who had constituted monopolies from the railway companies at the end of the 19th century, monopolies that the American power had bluntly broken, worried about their power.</p><p> Powerful, too powerful? This is the analysis that American elected officials, the European Union and now Chinese President Xi Jinping seem to share. Everyone is beginning to worry about the power that transnational digital capitalism is acquiring, symbolized by a few giants. An economic power that risks turning into uncontrollable political power, at one time or another, if no action is taken, according to some political and economic leaders.</p><p> Behind the image of start-ups sheltered in garages, these groups have built up increasingly gigantic empires in less than two decades through their digital platforms. With the pandemic, they have become the masters of the economy. Having mastered e-commerce, teleworking and information technologies for a long time, they have offered ready-made solutions in this health crisis which has imposed social distancing. Their success has been limitless. Medicine, distance education and even banking services…: they feel in a position to have the answer to everything, to challenge existing customs and rules.</p><p> [A multimedia element is displayed here, in this same article online on Mediapart.fr.] It is this incursion into the world of finance, monetary creation and the powers it confers which, it seems, he, pushed the Chinese government to hit the Chinese giant Alibaba very hard. Feeling all-powerful, the group's founder, billionaire Jack Ma, dared to criticize the Chinese Communist Party in October. A few weeks later, he should be safe from everything; its main subsidiary, Ant Group, which specializes in online payments, was to go public. This was to be the largest IPO in the world, $30 billion, the financial press was already predicting.</p><p> On the orders of Xi Jinping himself, according to the Wall Street Journal, the authorities banned the operation in early November. On December 27, the Central Bank of China clarified its grievances against the company. Having become the preferred platform for the Chinese for digital payment – through smartphones –, Ant Group continued its expansion by starting to offer credit to its customers, but by exempting itself from all prudential rules: to it the commissions and margins. Credit risks have been transferred to the balance sheets of traditional banks.</p><p> Ant Group has already promised to submit to all the decisions of Chinese regulators and henceforth to stick to its traditional activities: online payment. The entity is expected to come under strict control of the Chinese regulatory authorities and could even completely escape the group.</p><p> But the government has every intention of going further and regaining control of Alibaba and its counterparts, who until then had enjoyed complete freedom. On December 24, competition authorities opened an investigation against Alibaba for monopolistic practices. They criticize the e-commerce platform for imposing exclusivity for all products sold. Jack Ma has become an outcast of the Chinese regime. While he multiplied the declarations in the international press, since October, he is silent and goes to ground.</p><p> Without going as far as Chinese methods of coercion, the United States and European countries hardly differ in the means of response to contain the growing power of the digital giants: both are considering reactivating antitrust laws.</p><p> While a commission of inquiry from the House of Representatives in the United States concluded that it was necessary to break the monopolies of Gafam (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft), the Department of Justice opened an investigation at the end of October against Google, suspected of abuse of a dominant position. On December 9, it was the turn of Facebook, which also showed its intention to venture into the monetary world with the creation of the cryptocurrency Diem (ex-Libra) from January 2021, to be sued for anticompetitive practices by the US Competition Commission (FTC) and a coalition of 48 US states and territories. The threat of dismantling hangs over the group. On December 16, lawsuits were filed by Texas and nine other US states against Google, again for anticompetitive practices in the advertising market.</p><p> For its part, the European Commission unveiled on December 15 the draft of two directives to “end the Wild West” in the digital sector, in the words of Thierry Breton, European Commissioner in charge of the internal market. The first, the Digital Services Act (DSA), aims to impose content regulation on social networks, with powers of intervention in each Member State. The second directive, the Digital Markets Act (DMA), aims to prevent so-called "systemic" players from threatening free competition, i.e. from being unavoidable to the point of preventing other businesses to emerge.</p><p> This desire displayed around the world to reclaim antitrust laws marks a real turning point. Under the influence of the Chicago School, anti-competitive laws have for the past 30 years been reduced to the minimum portion: the market, by nature infallible, was supposed to provide remedies for its own imbalances. Unless it was proven that certain situations were harmful to consumers, there was no reason to intervene.</p><p> It is on the basis of this single criterion that the competition authorities in Europe and the United States have decided to intervene and possibly impose penalties. It is in the shelter of this criterion that the digital giants have prospered. Challenged before different jurisdictions, they do not lack arguments to defend their position, relying solely on the defense of consumers. According to them, they do not harm consumers, on the contrary. All argue that they have developed increasingly efficient digital technologies, made available to consumers free of charge. At least in appearance.</p><p> The rehabilitation of antitrust laws</p><p> Reality came to undermine this approach. Even the most orthodox of economists are forced to agree that the theory of competition, as defended by the neoliberals, proves to be unsuitable in the face of the models and methods of the digital giants, breaking with all the conventional rules of economics. “The problem for regulators is that the usual anti-monopoly frameworks don't apply in a world where the costs to consumers (often in the form of data and privacy) are completely opaque. But that's a poor excuse not to question manifestly anti-competitive operations, such as the takeover of Instagram (with its rapidly growing social network) by Facebook, and that of Waze, which developed maps and geolocation systems, by its competitor Google”, wrote the very traditional economist Kenneth Rogoff in 2018. For him, there is an urgent need to reinstate antitrust laws because Big Tech has become a problem for the American economy.</p><p> Indeed, far from allowing an increase in productivity, as assumed by classical economic theories, the technological innovations of recent years have resulted on the contrary in a reduction in wages, a deterioration in employment and social rights, an increase in some inequalities. Dominating the entire digital universe, buying up all the competitors who could overshadow them, the digital giants have organized a model that allows them to ensure that they capture value for their sole benefit and build up a revenue for them. world at historically unprecedented levels, resulting in the creation of techno-feudalism, as the economist Cédric Durand calls it.</p><p> The major references to the application of laws against the abuse of a dominant position, leading to the dismantling of the American steel empire of Andrew Carnegie or the tearing to pieces of the Standard Oil of the Rockefellers, surface in all the texts. But is the reinstatement of antitrust laws applied in the past enough to counter the power of Big Tech and restore democratic control over the development of the digital economy?</p><p> [A multimedia element is displayed here, in this same article online on Mediapart.fr.]</p><p> In recent years, the European Commission has sanctioned the digital giants on several occasions, without these sanctions having seemed to have the slightest effect on their practices. Tax evasion, non-respect of social rights, abuse of dominant position remain at the center of their model (read here, here or here). It has also attempted the beginning of regulation, which the American authorities have so far refused to do, by imposing a general regulation on data protection (GDPR). These regulations have served as a reference around the world. But here again, the effects seem limited.</p><p> As part of its draft directive, the European Commission plans to go further and impose, if necessary, the dismantling of a group, if its position is deemed to be monopolistic on the European market. This proposal, if it ever sees the light of day (it will take at least two years of negotiations to arrive at a text that achieves consensus), is judged at best to fall within the scope of nuclear deterrence - that is to say a supposed threat of never to be implemented – at worst as a demagogic announcement of com', according to observers. For both sides, the European Commission will never be able to impose the dismantling of an American group. Because it is also one of the facts of the problem: Europe, by its ideological blindness prohibiting any direct or indirect public support, has been incapable in 20 years of creating the slightest digital champion, and has rather contributed to stifling all potential existing.</p><p> But the idea of dismantling certain digital giants, which seemed impossible until then, is also gaining ground in the United States. In its complaint against Facebook, the US Competition Commission (FTC) makes explicit reference to it. The social network group, which has become the object of hostility from both Republicans and Democrats for the dissemination of fake news and extremist remarks on its platforms, could be forced to separate from Instagram. Similar projects are on the way to counter the power of Google or Amazon.</p><p> Until now, the digital giants have always succeeded in countering all the attacks by opposing a strong argument: constraining their development, or even imposing their dismantling, would amount to leaving the field open to the Chinese technological giants, which do not suffer from no hindrance. The control of Alibaba by the Beijing government now deprives them of this argument.</p><p> Determined to fight step by step, to mobilize hundreds of millions of dollars to preserve their income, the Gafam are already working on other means of defense. The idea of submitting these giants to a regulation comparable to that imposed on the banking and financial world is beginning to emerge. Its defenders argue that the means of punishment, amounting to billions of dollars, are weapons powerful enough to force everyone to toe the line. The prospect of being able to dip into war chests estimated at 350 billion dollars to bail out the coffers of the American state is enough to convince many elected officials.</p><p> However, the precedent of the 2008 financial crisis calls for some reservations. We know what happened to banking regulation. Wall Street has captured its regulators and made its law right up to the FED board. How could it be otherwise with the digital giants?</p><p> To regain control of the digital economy, we must go beyond the simple existing antitrust laws, which are partially ineffective against the digital giants, and attack the heart of their model: the commodification of private data. From the outset, they have thrived on the collection – free of charge and often without the knowledge of consumers – of fingerprints left everywhere by Internet users and which are subsequently exploited and/or resold by the platforms.</p><p> States do not seem to have perceived the value of this intangible capital, starting with the French government. It took a call to order from the CNIL to force the State to question the contract signed with Microsoft on the health data of all French people. And recently, it is to Amazon that the Public Investment Bank (BPI) has entrusted the collection of data from all the beneficiaries of a loan guaranteed by the State.</p><p> The economists Glen Weyl and Eric Posner, who are also very liberal, propose in their book Radical Markets to reverse the model: instead of benefiting from it for free, the Gafam should pay to be able to use the data collected from all individuals.</p><p> For some economists, these measures, as spectacular as they are, do not make it possible to regain democratic control of digital technology; it is not so much the data but the technologies that make it possible to exploit them that should be reappropriated publicly. Because even monitored, regulated, these digital giants continue by their technological choices, the developments they lead, to impose their vision of the future. A technology, they argue, can produce the worst or the best: be the instrument of a freedom or that of a society of ever-closer surveillance of populations. These orientations cannot be left to the free decision of a handful of global monopolies, they argue.</p><p> But this democratic control presupposes that the States no longer allow the digital giants to have the technologies to be developed and their implementation on their own, that they acquire expertise in order to be able to discuss them and monitor the choices. But do they really want it?</p><p></p>" } |
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"line" => 5
"args" => [
"D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
]
"function" => "require_once"
]
]
|
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector:73
[
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector.php"
"line" => 73
"function" => "getMetadataBag"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Profiler\Profiler.php"
"line" => 161
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener.php"
"line" => 108
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Profiler\Profiler"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener.php"
"line" => 118
"function" => "onKernelResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 230
"function" => "__invoke"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 59
"function" => "callListeners"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 154
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 196
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 184
"function" => "filterResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 75
"function" => "handleRaw"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Kernel.php"
"line" => 202
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "run"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\public\index.php"
"line" => 5
"args" => [
"D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
]
"function" => "require_once"
]
]
|
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector:74
[
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector.php"
"line" => 74
"function" => "getMetadataBag"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Profiler\Profiler.php"
"line" => 161
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener.php"
"line" => 108
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Profiler\Profiler"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener.php"
"line" => 118
"function" => "onKernelResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 230
"function" => "__invoke"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 59
"function" => "callListeners"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 154
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 196
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 184
"function" => "filterResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 75
"function" => "handleRaw"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Kernel.php"
"line" => 202
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "run"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\public\index.php"
"line" => 5
"args" => [
"D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
]
"function" => "require_once"
]
]
|
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector:75
[
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector.php"
"line" => 75
"function" => "all"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Profiler\Profiler.php"
"line" => 161
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener.php"
"line" => 108
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Profiler\Profiler"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener.php"
"line" => 118
"function" => "onKernelResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 230
"function" => "__invoke"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 59
"function" => "callListeners"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 154
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 196
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 184
"function" => "filterResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 75
"function" => "handleRaw"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Kernel.php"
"line" => 202
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "run"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\public\index.php"
"line" => 5
"args" => [
"D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
]
"function" => "require_once"
]
]
|
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector:76
[
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector.php"
"line" => 76
"function" => "getFlashBag"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Profiler\Profiler.php"
"line" => 161
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DataCollector\RequestDataCollector"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener.php"
"line" => 108
"function" => "collect"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Profiler\Profiler"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener.php"
"line" => 118
"function" => "onKernelResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\ProfilerListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 230
"function" => "__invoke"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\EventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 59
"function" => "callListeners"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\event-dispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
"line" => 154
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 196
"function" => "dispatch"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 184
"function" => "filterResponse"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\HttpKernel.php"
"line" => 75
"function" => "handleRaw"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\http-kernel\Kernel.php"
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"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\symfony\runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "handle"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
"line" => 35
"function" => "run"
"class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
"type" => "->"
]
[
"file" => "D:\web\site-preprod\public\index.php"
"line" => 5
"args" => [
"D:\web\site-preprod\vendor\autoload_runtime.php"
]
"function" => "require_once"
]
]
|
Flashes
Flashes
No flash messages were created.
Server Parameters
Server Parameters
Defined in .env
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| APP_DEBUG | "1" |
| APP_ENV | "dev" |
| APP_SECRET | "04c08eda9e10436d83e7e467d85ab892" |
| CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN | "^https?://(localhost|127\.0\.0\.1)(:[0-9]+)?$" |
| DATABASE_URL | "mysql://admin:CLn&[email protected]:3306/orishas_test" |
| FCM_KEY | "AAAA_gbvFKM:APA91bFuiGUF-FhlVn3DlUMgF-zy8yx2Xuf5QuBiha4y7a-idtt_7ImIKjbAZx808oC-CjAzMSWj6qkiOynLPsSDUSE-v7brGRApQxS3aliBgguvcAk0IJAYYfkwsKPYlJ4WjuJKOe2p" |
| JWT_PASSPHRASE | "35ca3228fe00eaa64b0825b42fe433e7" |
| JWT_PUBLIC_KEY | "%kernel.project_dir%/config/jwt/public.pem" |
| JWT_SECRET_KEY | "%kernel.project_dir%/config/jwt/private.pem" |
| MAILER_DSN | "smtp://[email protected]:[email protected]:25" |
| MESSENGER_TRANSPORT_DSN | "doctrine://default" |
Defined as regular env variables
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| ALLUSERSPROFILE | "C:\ProgramData" |
| APPDATA | "C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming" |
| APPL_MD_PATH | "/LM/W3SVC/4/ROOT" |
| APPL_PHYSICAL_PATH | "D:\web\site-preprod\public\" |
| APP_POOL_CONFIG | "C:\inetpub\temp\apppools\DefaultAppPool\DefaultAppPool.config" |
| APP_POOL_ID | "DefaultAppPool" |
| AUTH_PASSWORD | "" |
| AUTH_TYPE | "" |
| AUTH_USER | "" |
| CERT_COOKIE | "" |
| CERT_FLAGS | "" |
| CERT_ISSUER | "" |
| CERT_SERIALNUMBER | "" |
| CERT_SUBJECT | "" |
| COMPUTERNAME | "NS517659" |
| CONTENT_LENGTH | "0" |
| CONTENT_TYPE | "" |
| ChocolateyInstall | "C:\ProgramData\chocolatey" |
| ComSpec | "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" |
| CommonProgramFiles | "C:\Program Files\Common Files" |
| CommonProgramFiles(x86) | "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files" |
| CommonProgramW6432 | "C:\Program Files\Common Files" |
| DOCUMENT_ROOT | "D:\web\site-preprod\public" |
| FCGI_ROLE | "RESPONDER" |
| FP_NO_HOST_CHECK | "NO" |
| GATEWAY_INTERFACE | "CGI/1.1" |
| HTTPS | "on" |
| HTTPS_KEYSIZE | "256" |
| HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE | "3072" |
| HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER | "C=US, O=Let's Encrypt, CN=R10" |
| HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT | "CN=preprod.orishas-finance.com" |
| HTTP_ACCEPT | "*/*" |
| HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING | "gzip, br" |
| HTTP_CDN_LOOP | "cloudflare; loops=1" |
| HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP | "3.144.109.159" |
| HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY | "US" |
| HTTP_CF_RAY | "8e95bfe46ec149f5-ORD" |
| HTTP_CF_VISITOR | "{"scheme":"https"}" |
| HTTP_CONNECTION | "Keep-Alive" |
| HTTP_HOST | "preprod.orishas-finance.com" |
| HTTP_USER_AGENT | "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; [email protected])" |
| HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR | "3.144.109.159" |
| HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO | "https" |
| IIS_UrlRewriteModule | "7,1,1993,2351" |
| INSTANCE_ID | "4" |
| INSTANCE_META_PATH | "/LM/W3SVC/4" |
| INSTANCE_NAME | "PREPROD SITE ORISHAS" |
| LOCALAPPDATA | "C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local" |
| LOCAL_ADDR | "192.99.7.167" |
| LOGON_USER | "" |
| NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS | "8" |
| NVM_HOME | "C:\Users\armel\AppData\Roaming\nvm" |
| NVM_SYMLINK | "C:\Program Files\nodejs" |
| OPENSSL_CONF | "C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\psqlODBC\etc\openssl.cnf" |
| ORIG_PATH_INFO | "/index.php/actualite/3387" |
| OS | "Windows_NT" |
| PATHEXT | ".COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.PY;.PYW" |
| PATH_INFO | "/actualite/3387" |
| PATH_TRANSLATED | "D:\web\site-preprod\public\index.php\actualite\3387" |
| PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS | "10000" |
| PHP_SELF | "/index.php/actualite/3387" |
| PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE | "AMD64" |
| PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER | "Intel64 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5, GenuineIntel" |
| PROCESSOR_LEVEL | "6" |
| PROCESSOR_REVISION | "1a05" |
| PSModulePath | "C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Tools\PowerShell\Modules\;C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Azure\PowerShell\ResourceManager\AzureResourceManager\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Azure\PowerShell\ServiceManagement\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Azure\PowerShell\Storage\" |
| PUBLIC | "C:\Users\Public" |
| Path | "C:\Python310\Scripts\;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Web Platform Installer\;C:\Program Files\MariaDB 10.6\bin;C:\ProgramData\ComposerSetup\bin;C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Program Files\MariaDB 10.6\bin;C:\Program Files\7-Zip;C:\Python310\;C:\Program Files\PHP\php-8.2.3-nts-Win32-vs16-x64;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC\110\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\120\DTS\Binn\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Tools\Binn\ManagementStudio\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\DTS\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\150\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC\170\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Users\armel\AppData\Roaming\nvm;C:\Program Files\nodejs;C:\Program Files\Redis\;" |
| ProgramData | "C:\ProgramData" |
| ProgramFiles | "C:\Program Files" |
| ProgramFiles(x86) | "C:\Program Files (x86)" |
| ProgramW6432 | "C:\Program Files" |
| QUERY_STRING | "" |
| REMOTE_ADDR | "108.162.216.212" |
| REMOTE_HOST | "108.162.216.212" |
| REMOTE_PORT | "37476" |
| REMOTE_USER | "" |
| REQUEST_METHOD | "GET" |
| REQUEST_TIME | 1732748592 |
| REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT | 1732748592.751 |
| REQUEST_URI | "/index.php/actualite/3387" |
| SCRIPT_FILENAME | "D:\web\site-preprod\public\index.php" |
| SCRIPT_NAME | "/index.php" |
| SERVER_NAME | "preprod.orishas-finance.com" |
| SERVER_PORT | "443" |
| SERVER_PORT_SECURE | "1" |
| SERVER_PROTOCOL | "HTTP/1.1" |
| SERVER_SOFTWARE | "Microsoft-IIS/8.5" |
| SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS | "APP_DEBUG,APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,MAILER_DSN,DATABASE_URL,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,JWT_SECRET_KEY,JWT_PUBLIC_KEY,JWT_PASSPHRASE,FCM_KEY,MESSENGER_TRANSPORT_DSN" |
| SystemDrive | "C:" |
| SystemRoot | "C:\Windows" |
| TEMP | "C:\Windows\TEMP" |
| TMP | "C:\Windows\TEMP" |
| URL | "/index.php" |
| USERDOMAIN | "WORKGROUP" |
| USERNAME | "NS517659$" |
| USERPROFILE | "C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile" |
| WEBSOCKET_VERSION | "13" |
| _FCGI_X_PIPE_ | "\\.\pipe\IISFCGI-10960297-7a21-4b32-b03f-79abd3e736cf" |
| php | "C:\Program Files\PHP\php-8.2.3-Win32-vs16-x64" |
| windir | "C:\Windows" |